![]() Akhenaten's wife, Nefertiti, contributed a great deal to his new direction in the Egyptian religion. His worship of the Aten as his personal deity is often interpreted as history's first instance of monotheism. One of the best-known eighteenth dynasty pharaohs is Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten in honour of the Aten, a representation of the Egyptian god, Ra. Amenhotep III also built the Malkata palace, the largest built in Egypt. The wealthiest of all the kings of this dynasty is Amenhotep III, who built the Luxor Temple, the Precinct of Monthu at Karnak and his massive Morturary Temple. He continued north through the territory belonging to the still unconquered cities of Aleppo and Carchemish and quickly crossed the Euphrates in his boats, taking the Mitannian king entirely by surprise. He was the first pharaoh after Thutmose I to cross the Euphrates, doing so during his campaign against Mitanni. He is recorded to have captured 350 cities during his rule and conquered much of the Near East from the Euphrates to Nubia during seventeen known military campaigns. Widely considered a military genius by historians, Thutmose III conducted at least 16 campaigns in 20 years. The term pharaoh, originally the name of the king's palace, became a form of address for the person who was king during his reign (c. This resulted in a peak in Egypt's power and wealth during the reign of Amenhotep III. Thutmose III expanded Egypt's army and wielded it with great success to consolidate the empire created by his predecessors. After her death, having gained valuable experience heading up the military for Hatshepsut, Thutmose III assumed rule. She oversaw the preparations and funding for a mission to the Land of Punt. Hatshepsut built extensively in the Karnak temple in Luxor and throughout all of Egypt and she re-established the trade networks that had been disrupted during the Hyksos rule of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, thereby building the wealth of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Upon the death of her husband, she ruled jointly with his son by a minor wife, Thutmose III, who had ascended to the throne as a child of about two years of age, but eventually she ruled in her own right as king. She was the daughter of Thutmose I and the royal wife of Thutmose II. Hatshepsut was one of the most powerful pharaohs of this dynasty. However, after he returned, they discontinued tribute and began fortifying against future incursions. During this campaign, the Syrian princes declared allegiance to Thutmose. Thutmose I campaigned in the Levant and reached as far as the Euphrates, thus becoming the first pharaoh to cross the river. Īhmose was followed by Amenhotep I, who campaigned in Nubia and was followed by Thutmose I. ![]() ![]() Ahmose would then continue to campaign in the Levant, the home of the Hyksos, to prevent any future invasions on Egypt. He continued the campaigns of his father Seqenenre Tao and of Kamose against the Hyksos until he reunified the country once more. Hatshepsut concentrated on expanding Egypt's external trade, including sending a commercial expedition to the land of Punt, and made the kingdom prosperous.Īhmose I is viewed to be the founder of the eighteenth dynasty. The Eighteenth Dynasty included some of Egypt's most famous kings, including Ahmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamun. Main article: Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Similarly, in response to seventeenth-century BC attacks / raids during the Second Intermediate Period by the Kushites, the rulers of the New Kingdom felt compelled to expand far south into Nubia and to hold wide territories in the Near East. Possibly as a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom saw Egypt expand in the Levant, and during this time Egypt attained its greatest territorial extent. It is named after the eleven pharaohs who took the name Ramesses, after Ramesses I, the founder of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The later part of this period, under the Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties (1292–1069 BC), is also known as the Ramesside period. The concept of a "New Kingdom" as one of three "golden ages" was coined in 1845 by German Egyptologist Baron von Bunsen, and its definition would evolve significantly throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was Egypt's most prosperous time and marked the peak of its power. ![]() ![]() The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. Radiocarbon dating places the beginning of the New Kingdom between 1570 BC and 1544 BC. The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the sixteenth century BC and the eleventh century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasties of Egypt. ![]()
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